Cactus
Cholla
Cylindropuntia (genus)
- Shape
- Cylindrical, jointed stem segments.
- ID Feature
- Dense spines with sheaths; stem joints detach easily.
- Habitat
- Open desert, grasslands, rocky slopes.
About this plant
Cholla (pronounced choy-uh) are cylindrical cacti in the genus Cylindropuntia, native to the deserts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. They are known for their jointed, segmented stems and dense spines, which often appear fuzzy or glowing in sunlight due to reflective spine sheaths. Chollas grow as branching shrubs or small tree-like forms. Their segments detach easily, allowing the plant to spread when fallen joints take root which is a highly effective desert survival strategy. Extremely drought-adapted, chollas thrive in exposed, rocky environments and play an important role in desert ecosystems by providing food and shelter for wildlife.
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Quick ID Checklist
- Cylindrical, jointed stem segments (not flat pads)
- Dense spines, often with papery, reflective sheaths
- Joints detach easily when brushed or disturbed
- Growth form ranges from low shrubs to tree-like silhouettes
- Common in open desert, grasslands, and rocky slopes
Seasonal Notes
• Flowering typically occurs in spring, though timing varies by species and rainfall • Flowers are often brightly colored (yellows, greens, magentas, or oranges) • Many species produce fruit that remains on the plant well into winter • Detached stem segments may root during favorable conditions, especially after rain
Uses
Historically, some Indigenous peoples used cholla fruit and buds as a seasonal food source after careful processing to remove spines. The woody skeletons of dead cholla stems have been used for tools, decorations, and traditional crafts. Buds were harvested, cooked, and eaten. They are still eaten today in some communities. Today, chollas are valued primarily for their ecological importance and distinctive visual presence in the desert landscape rather than for direct practical use.
Ethics + Disclaimers
Do not touch or collect cholla segments or fruit. The spines detach easily and can embed deeply in skin, clothing, or animal fur, causing injury. Avoid harvesting wild plants. Many cholla species are protected, and removal can damage fragile desert ecosystems. This site is for educational purposes only and is not a guide for foraging, harvesting, or medical use. Some cholla spines are barbed, making them extremely difficult to remove. Stay on trails and observe responsibly.
Wildlife Value
Chollas provide critical habitat in desert environments. Birds such as cactus wrens and curve-billed thrashers often nest among cholla branches, gaining protection from predators. Small mammals and reptiles use cholla stands as shelter, while the flowers and fruit provide food for insects, birds, and mammals. Even fallen or dead cholla skeletons continue to offer structure and micro-habitats long after the plant has died.
Interesting Facts
- Cholla spines can appear to “jump” onto passersby due to how easily joints detach
- The reflective sheath on many cholla spines helps reduce heat absorption
- Some species can reproduce almost entirely through fallen stem segments
- Dead cholla wood forms intricate lattice-like skeletons that persist for decades
- In low sunlight, cholla spines can appear dull, but in full sun they often glow